Love Conquers All Free Essays

Love overcomes all, let us also give up to cherish. † Love could be portrayed as craziness and absurd to the individuals who know it or even scorn it. Love vanquishes all. We will compose a custom paper test on Love Conquers All or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now In the event that the deterrents be physical, which we can't change ourselves, at that point our brains will shape as we see fit, regardless of whether it implies going crazy. Love vanquishes all in light of the fact that, being just one genuine romance, it has no conditions. Subsequent to experiencing love we will wander, just to return for additional, for it’s what our spirits long for. In this manner, vanquishing the obstructions and capacities Of life. Love overcomes the perspectives on society. During the Civil Rights Movement, the â€Å"Blacks† or African-American individuals were being separated in America and different nations, it got evident to a ton of African-Americans that brutality against viciousness was getting them no where. Blacks cherished their families, companions, nations, and white individuals. They were going to support their privileges as people, however to do this they needed to make evident what the whites were doing to the blacks. African-Americans let themselves be beat and killed. They fought by not going to places they were permitted or/and continuous to places they were ‘t permitted to go to. It took some time, it despite everything goes on today, however the marks and perspectives on society have been increasingly lifted off their shoulders. Love vanquishes all, including time. In the film Maleficent, the pixie whom had lost her wings to her cherished companion and sentimental sweetheart, had reviled his infant young lady as vengeance. In the wake of dealing with the infant young lady, Aurora, from a separation, Maleficent idea she loathed this youngster. As the young lady developed, Maleficent developed in her affection for Aurora. At long last, when the revile had occurred, Maleficent comprehended what she had done quite a while in the past now influenced her and she crushed by this. At the point when all expectation appeared to be lost, she herself had lifted the revile from Aurora on account of her earnestness of apology and love for Aurora. From the start Maleficent had thought there was no such love without conditions, yet despite the fact that it required some investment she despite everything realized there was something like this and turned into a glad pixie with her wings by and by. Love overcomes all, even the powers of nature and sickness. The greater part of these may appear to be difficult to many individuals. Jesus, the Son of God, had done bunches of prophets. However, He stated, â€Å"Your confidence has spared you. † Love accompanies extraordinary confidence in God. Jesus had passed on for our transgressions as a result of His incredible love for us and on the grounds that he is Love. At the Last Supper a supernatural occurrence happened done by Jesus. He transformed wine into His Blood and bread into His Body and stated, â€Å"DO this in recognition of me. † Thus, Catholics go to mass and remember this supernatural occurrence of salvation. There have been times when the Blood or/and Body of Christ has been taken and found in later years. At the point when discovered, research had been done on the Blood or/and Body of Christ and closed in dumbfounding outcomes. There was genuine blood and body pieces still unblemished that depicted a tormented male similarly as Jesus had been tormented. There have been individuals who have appealed to God through the crossing point of Mary by imploring the Rosary. Catholics and Non-Catholics, have appealed to God for other people, who have had an ailment, for instance disease, to be relieved. Now and again their supplications weren’t addressed for the time being or at everything except these individuals had confidence in God and committed themselves to the imploring the Rosary. Their truthfulness and confidence caused significant damage and their petitions replied, the diseases relieved, and as mother reaction from Mary, the individuals could smell roses eater their supplications had been replied or regardless of whether they weren’t replied. Love overcomes all. Regardless of whether it be the perspectives on society, time, the powers of nature, illnesses, and-ourselves. Be that as it may, we should comprehend that enduring is a piece of adoration as long as we wander this world. We all have attempted to abstain from anguish. Has it not become evident that our adoration is most grounded at what appears the most troublesome occasions? God refines us like silver in the fire Of our sufferings. Become hopelessly enamored with God and love will genuinely vanquish all. The most effective method to refer to Love Conquers All, Papers

Free Death in Venices Every Great Man has a Essay Example For Students

Free Death in Venices: Every Great Man has an Essay Blemish Death Venice EssaysDeath in Venice Essay: Every Great Man has a Flaw Aschenbach was surely a craftsman. A better than average one. He had his life arranged out, was precise and sorted out. Maybe even somewhat exhausting, dull. He was a persevering man, he had that certain motus animi continuus. He was viewed as a virtuoso. From the earliest starting point, he needed to get known, to get popular, yet his life was vacant. He longed for a difference in pace, for some activity, experience and unconventionality of what may come. He feared breaking out, yet he was likewise terrified of being caught. At that point he goes to Venice, where all will change. In his lodging, he sees a little youngster by whom he is intrigued. The little youngster is the ideal picture of an upbeat, inactive kid that has all it wants, all Aschenbach never had; his youth was somewhat melancholy since it was spent for the most part at home and inside, he didnt meet numerous individuals and he positively nev er had that laisser aller disposition that the little fellow so clearly had. Aschenbach examined the kid and discovered that his name was Tadzio. The sound of his name was practically melodic. Aschenbach would sit on the sea shore and watch him play, the small kid that, in his perspective, resembled the god Apollo. Gradually, he got fixated on Tadzio, with his childhood, excellence, ease and his inertness. While being fixated on this little fellow with whom Aschenbach has no association or connection, around him infection agonizes. The plague is clearing over Venice, unnoticed from the outset and denied by the Venitians. They are largely lying, denying and going about as to ensure the vacationer business will keep on flourishing through this time of quiet unrest. Individuals are kicking the bucket around Aschenbach, while he is alive amidst death. On the off chance that he would have been shrewd, he would have left when he began considering the way that there was to be sure a plague in Venice. However he was unable to leave. He was so gigantically attracted to Tadzio, he was unable to make himself leave. After he at last makes the move to leave the pitiable spot of infection, his packs disappear, giving him the open door he subliminally ached for; to remain longer with a reason. In any event, when his gear is returned, he has no expectation of attempting to leave once more. Rather, he remains to be near to Tadzio, with whom he accepts to have a bond. At the point when the kid takes a gander at him, he feels that the kid is keen on him, yet it should have been an arbitrary glance at which their eyes met for a moment. Tadzios family is presently mindful of Aschenbach keeping an unconventionally close eye on Tadzio. Aschenbach has transformed from an honorable craftsman to a startling elderly person, prowling in obscurity. One thing he notices about Tadzio however is that his teeth look extremely undesirable and somewhat blue. Tadzio looks wiped out, delicate. Fu rthermore, Aschenbach is happy. He is happy that Tadzio is undesirable and will likely not live to a mature age. That way he will pass on excellent and youthful and not become like Aschenbach; a man longing to come back to the his previous greatness. Now, Aschenbachs life leaves hand. He never again is leveled out of it. At the point when he takes the gondola, a remote gondolier takes him over the waters. The dark gondola, helping him to remember a final resting place, is a grave indication of what may want him in only a couple of days time. The gondolier appears to disregard the requests given to him and goes his own heading: a course Aschenbach didnt request to go to. His life is presently being constrained by another person, he has lost hold of where he is going, what he is doing and the results. Aschenbach is uncertain, will he left himself alone coordinated or will he make a move and dissident against this treachery? He chose to kick back and let himself be persisted the waters by a total .u1f30f7eff407f87c047afd6e756fc3f2 , .u1f30f7eff407f87c047afd6e756fc3f2 .postImageUrl , .u1f30f7eff407f87c047afd6e756fc3f2 .focused content zone { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u1f30f7eff407f87c047afd6e756fc3f2 , .u1f30f7eff407f87c047afd6e756fc3f2:hover , .u1f30f7eff407f87c047afd6e756fc3f2:visited , .u1f30f7eff407f87c047afd6e756fc3f2:active { border:0!important; } .u1f30f7eff407f87c047afd6e756fc3f2 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u1f30f7eff407f87c047afd6e756fc3f2 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; progress: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u1f30f7eff407f87c047afd6e756fc3f2:active , .u1f30f7eff407f87c047afd6e756fc3f2:hover { mistiness: 1; progress: murkiness 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u1f30f7eff407f87c047afd6e756fc3f2 .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: rel ative; } .u1f30f7eff407f87c047afd6e756fc3f2 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content embellishment: underline; } .u1f30f7eff407f87c047afd6e756fc3f2 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u1f30f7eff407f87c047afd6e756fc3f2 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content design: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1f30f7eff407f87c047afd6e756fc3f2:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u1f30f7eff407f87 c047afd6e756fc3f2 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u1f30f7eff407f87c047afd6e756fc3f2-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u1f30f7eff407f87c047afd6e756fc3f2:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Minimum Wage Essay

The Future is here :: essays papers

The Future is here Being ready to pick the sex of a kid has not generally been near. This debate didn't occur as of not long ago in light of the fact that now we have the innovation to play out this demonstration of sex assurance. Some state that we ought to have the option to pick the sexual orientation of our youngsters. Notwithstanding, others imagine that we shouldn’t have the option to in light of the fact that they state that it is trying different things with nature. Additionally, that it is unnatural. I used to think the method of the subsequent perspective, however not any longer. There is literally nothing amiss with couples having the option to pick whether they need to have an infant young lady or a kid. As per an article in Newsweek called The Brave New World of Sex Selection by Thomas Hayden, this is conceivable. The article states how it is finished. To do this, researchers measure DNA in sperm cells and pass the a large number of them through a little cylinder in a solitary record. They at that point separate the â€Å"girl sperm† from the â€Å"boy sperm†. They can differentiate in light of the fact that â€Å"girl sperm† has more DNA. The isolated sperm cells are then utilized, either, to impregnate a lady to have a young lady or a kid. In an investigation, fifteen out of seventeen ladies with the â€Å"girl sperm† had young ladies. Getting the Girl by Lisa Bellkin, an article in the New York Times Magazine, expresses a 93% achievement rate. A few moms may possibly need a young lady when others may need a kid. In the event that two or three has a solid conclusion that one sex is simpler to raise over the other, for example, a kid, they probably won't need the hardship of attempting to raise a young lady. A family could likewise need a kid to carry on the family name. As I would like to think, I would experience this procedure to have a young lady. I imagine that since clearly I am a young lady, I could make a superior showing of raising a young lady than a kid. A parent could believe that they find out about one sex than the other and decide to raise that sex. Another explanation that I figure individuals ought to have the option to pick the sexual orientation of their kid is supposing that you as of now have three young men in your home, it could be the ideal opportunity for a change.

Analysis And Overview Of The Automotive Industry - Free Essay Example

Introduction In any organization there are essential activities which need to be run effectively: production, quality, logistic, and so on. These activities are the means for the main purpose of any company which is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“to make moneyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Goldratt, 1993:41). Today the companies are facing a fierce market place: set the production with customer demand, in variety and quantity, and pursuit superior quality. To reach this is a high goal for any company, reach that and being effective is the core of nowadays strategy plan. The financial crisis that exploded the last year led many companies analyze the way they were operating in, and seek how to be more effective and make the company sustainable in the medium and long term. Reduction of cost is important at any time but reduction in time of crisis is essential. The way to escape the pitfalls faced in the mass production requires a redefinition of the production management system which eliminates the waste and pursuit the efficiency of the company as a whole. This dissertation is a case study base in an industry of automotive  industry. This sector has the characteristic of being very influential in the development of emerging trend in management.  From Henry  Fordà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s  and the introduction  of the  moving  assembly to Toyota Production Systems many innovations have been development in this sector. Taiichi Ohno (1988) was the first person to identify seven inefficiencies which do not contribute to the goal of any company. These inefficiencies of wastes are denominated as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“mudaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? in the Toyota Production System. It was after the book à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The machine that changed the worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, 1990, when the term Lean began to be known all over the world. Lean thinking is the medicine for companies suffering from inefficiency, and is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Lean because it provides a way to do more with less; less human resources, less equipment, less time and less spaceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, (Womack J. et al., 1990:15). All this reduction measures could be easily translated into money hence when a company is making money it has a future to plan. Another  characteristic  of  automotive industry  is  the  low  margins. The company, in which is based the dissertation, as  many  of  others  automotive manufacturers, is struggling  with  low  or  negative  profits. Through the application of Value Stream Mapping, Cell layout, and Takt timeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ is the intention of the research to show and encourager the company to swap from traditional production into lean manufacturing Confidentiality   The company where the case study is bases is a sensitive phase of change. Due to this reason this dissertation will not display the company name, name of persons working at the company and other pieces of information that can be derived from the research. Therefore the company is referred throughout all dissertation as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. Aims and objectives The main objective of this dissertation is to study and understand lean model and revealing the efficiency of lean techniques by applying them in a case study. These objectives can be summarised as the following: To carry out an extensive literature review about the lean model. To study the different elements and techniques of lean Draw the potential new ways to seek the processes and process layout. Outline potential improvements in the points below which contribute to solve the problem of the current highly expensive processes. Quality Lead Time Space Inventory Workers required This study intends to show the benefits of lean approach application and be used as an internal feasibility study of the potential application of this philosophy into the company. Nevertheless, whether the company finally decides to apply these principles or not is not the purpose of this project. Methodology The methodology for the first three chapters involves and intensive literature search and review on the lean philosophy. The source of this information was from extensive range of information sources as: written literature; books, journals, and the internet resource; also detailed discussions with lecturers and colleges who had knowledge on the topics. An important part of the literature review was to understand the concept of the lean and how can be applied. Secondary data is based in review documentation provided by the company. Primary data collection is based on the observation of how the company is currently working and after the working procedure are know lean approach will be applied starting with Value Stream Mapping, and the subsequence tools and techniques, described in more detail in the next chapters. Nevertheless a deep explanation to this topic will be found in the methodology chapter. Limitations One of the most important limitations for this dissertation is time limit, driven in part for the limitations time that the research had to the company. The research will be focus to a small area, but the same steps can be applied for all areas/families. No consideration will be taken, about potential issues derived from this research concerning to material handling. Another limitation is the confidential agreement between the research and the company, for this reason relevant information data could not be publicly released. The distance to the company being researched and the researcher is clear limitation for the arrangement of appointments with the company. Nevertheless this limitation known beforehand and a planning was agreed with the company in the first meeting; both sides agreed to make three on site visit of 3 working days each and another visit for presenting the research. 13,14,15 of Aprilà ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚  1 toma de contacto y anÃÆ' ¡lisis de la situaciÃÆ' ³n actual 21,22,23 of Juneà ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚  2 Implementation de VSM, cell layout, takt time,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. 13, 14, 15 of July à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚  3 seguimiento de las mejoras applicadas 24 of Augustà ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   4 Ajustes y presentacion del projecto a la compaÃÆ' ±ÃƒÆ' ­a. Research structure This dissertation is divided into 8 chapters, with a brief outline below; Chapter 1 Introductionà ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚  This chapter explains about the nature and the background of the dissertation objectives. Chapter 2 Literature reviewà ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   Is included here a study of the background literature on lean manufacturing. Chapter 3 Tools and techniquesà ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   This chapter explains the tools and techniques used under the umbrella of lean manufacturing. Chapter 4 Methodologyà ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   This chapter gives the overall view of the research design taking into account the methodology under taking to do the primary research and explain the type of research, data and tools used. Chapter 5 Company overviewà ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   This chapter discuss the current situation of a second tier car company which is faced a crisis. Chapter 6 Implementation of lean Chapter 7 Data result and analysis Chapter 8 Conclusion and recommendations. This page is left blank on purpose Literature Review Origins of Lean Manufacturing Any new management approach that emerges will undoubtedly contain pieces from the knowledge from the past. Therefore we can find characteristic of lean were addressed in the past like: interchangeable parts developed by Ely Whitney (1765-18825), the work standardization made by Frederick W. Taylor (1856-1915), or the time and motion studies made by Frank Gilbreth (1868-1924), where he pursuit the elimination of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“non-valueà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? elements. But without any doubts the most influence person in the development of Lean was Henry Ford, he organized all the elements of a manufacturing system; people, machines, tooling and raw materials, in a continuous flow system, for manufacturing the famous à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“model Tà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? by applying this methodology the factory achieve to rise the effectiveness in the assembly process and by 1920 he achieved to reduced the price of the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“model Tà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? at 34% of the original price in 1908. Kiichiro Toyoda travelled to EEUU (1929) in his search for learn the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“American Wayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. Fords assembly line provided the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“flowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? idea upon which Kiichiro Toyoda based his early car production, but soon he realized the need to adapt it to the market conditions and the culture in Japan. They knew that they could not compete with the giants like Ford in foreign markets. Therefore, they were producing only for internal market, and bring the raw materials from outside, for that reason Toyota could not lower cost by exploding economies of scale, thats why they build a systems upon an strategy: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“to make many models in small numbersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Ohno, 1988). They pursuit the cost reduction through the elimination of the inefficiencies; defined as muda, Japanese word for waste. (W. J. Hopp et al, 2000) Henry Ford vision about systematic elimination of waste, standardization and elimination of process variability, Quality at the source, and so forth was so inspirational for Ohno and the definition of TPS. In the book à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Toyota Production System; beyond large-scale Productionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, 1988, Ohno quoted the Fordà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s book à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Henry Fords Today and Tomorrowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? in different chapter as a key to the development of lean principles. In 1945, after Toyoda Kiichiro set an ambitious goal: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Catch with America in three yearsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Ohno, 1988). In order to achieve this goal Toyota production system was developed as a respond to the severe competition imposed by mass production and offered an alternative production system according with the restrictions of the moment. Under these conditions Taiichi Ohno (1912-1990) was brought into the company as a leader to translate the ideas of Kiichiro Toyoda into action. He was working for the company since 1932 but wasnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t until 1943 when he went transfer to Toyota Motor Company, where he became Machine-shop manager in 1949. During that period the company was fighting on bankruptcy hence major investment or massive inventories werenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t affordable. For many years the western companies had cut the cost by increasing the production but after oil crisis, explore around 1973, rapid growth stopped and the principle à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“if you can make it, you can sell ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Ohno, 1988, p2), most of the Japanese industries had losses, but Toyota overcame these problems. The capability of Toyota to overcome the crisis was the trigger for eyes opener to Japanese companies and implement the TPS. The Toyota Production System (TPS) was first denominated in the West as Just in Time (JIT).After the initial visits of industries from western countries to Japanese industry, the people returning with stories of factories which produced only what was needed, when needed, without any à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Just In Caseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? expensive stock. Later, we realised that there was more than this, and the JIT was worked because was part of a more global management system, TPS. A system in fact useful to reduce costs and from that time the TPS became very popular. (Y. Monden 1993). But this system got popularity in the western countries after a researcher made in 1990 for Massachusetts institute of technology (MIT) by James P. Womack and Daniel T. Jones. This five year research about the future of the automobile makers, revealed a gap between the conventional mass production and the new trend used in Japanese industries. This book coined the term à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Leanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? as a description of the Toyota Production System. Definition of Lean As is described above, Toyota Production System was born in Toyota (1945). This system is sustained for two pillars: Just in Time and Autonomation or Jidoka. The name of Lean manufacturing was given in a research published by Massachusetts institute of technology (MIT) in 1990. Ohno make three statements in his book à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Toyota Production System; beyond Large-Scale Productionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, 1988, taken together we can use as his definition: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The basis of the TPS is the absolute elimination of waste. The two pillars needed to support the system are: Just in Time and Autonomation (Jidoka)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Ohno, 1988 p4) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Cost reduction is the goalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Ohno, 1987 p8) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“After World War II, our main concern was how to produce high-quality goods. After 1955, the question became how to make the exact quantity neededà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Ohno, 1987 p33). We can conclude that for Ohno the TPS consist of many techniques that are designed to reduce the cost by removing the waste and providing the right product, at the right quantity at the moment is required. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Using less of everythingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? this statement was made in the book à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The machine that change the worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Womack et al. 1990) as a definition of Lean production. Another important contribution of TPS was a new approach of looking at the equation formed by: Price, Cost and Profit. When TPS was developed, the western was using the following equation to obtain price of a product: Price=Cost + Profit In this formula if the cost increase, the best way to maintain the same profit is by raising the price, is based on the principle that is the company who fix the price. By offering more feature, quality or service they can raise the price. By another hand, Japan proposed the next expression: Profit=Price à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Cost In this equation is the market, the final customer who is fixed the price. The companies used the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“voice of the customerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? as a means to design the new features of a product, and the price they are willing to pay for it. With this equation the only way to obtain better profits is by reducing the cost as much as possible (fig. 3.1). This equation leads the companies to pursuit internal improvement if they want to keep or raise the profit in the current market situation. (J. Santos, et al. 2006). Figure 3à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ1 Equation price-cost benefits (adaptation of J. Santos et al 2008) Price fixed by the customer Cost Profit Summarizing we can conclude that Lean is a theory of management that consider the uses of resources for any means other than the creation of value from customer point of view is a waste (defined below); and pursuing the elimination waste as a means of achieving greater efficiency of the process. (Y. Monden, 1993) Seven types of Wastes Muda is a Japanese means à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“wasteà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. According to James P. Womack (2003) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“any activity which absorbs resources but creates no valuesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? is called waste. Lean thinking provides a way to identify the value, defined by the final customer, and analyze the value stream in the search for not added value action in order to eliminate and based in Continuous improvement, where the search for new improvements is never ending. (Womack et al., 2003) The wastes defined by Ohno include parts not right the first time, piles of products made in à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Just in caseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, processing step that no one had analyzed, to realized that they are not needed, transporting goods thought work floor, workers, machinery or material waiting to the next step in the process, and so forth. (Womack et al., 2003, p16). There are many types of waste; some are easy to discern others difficult. An important thing to remember is that to eliminate waste, you must find it first, towards eliminating it. The seven wastes (7Ws) addressed by Ohno (1988) are detailed below, with the addition of the one defined by Womack, 2003. Overproduction Manufacturing companies, sometimes produce more than they have sold, some times because they want to build an inventories, in the expectation that the market requirements arise, another times with the purpose to keep everyone busy and / or to achieve a high used of the facilities. Whatever the reason is, making products for which there is no demand is waste and can drive the company out of business. The key point to found this waste is compare what is produced versus what is sold. (J. Nicholas, 1988) Waiting This waste will include delay between the end of one activity and the start of the next activity. This waste can take many forms: operators or machineries waiting for orders, parts, materials, parts for the preceding process, equipment repairs, and so on. Contrasting with the previous waste, this one it is easy to identify. As It was explain above, some companies minimizing the waste of waiting by keeping the workers and the machines active all the times, incurring in that way in the previous waste; overproduction. Stopping the machines and allowing workers to be idle in occasion, is less costly than producing products with no orders. Another advantage of these spare times is that the workers can used it to search for improvements. (J. Nicholas, 1988) Transporting It is any kind of unnecessary transport of workers, parts, products, etc moved from one location to another. There two things that determine the transport through the factory; the layout facility and the sequence of operations. (J. Nicholas, 1988) No value is added in any items while they are moving around, therefore all time and facilities involve in that are wastes. Rearranging the layout and putting sequential equipment together allow us to minimize this waste. Too much machining; over processing. A process may itself contain steps that are ineffective or unnecessary. When company use expensive or high precision equipment where investing in smaller and more flexible equipment would be adequate. This often results in poor plant layout because à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The monumentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? are located far away from the process and making the process incur in waste such transportation, wait and in addition overproduction (in order to set high utilization, and justify the investment). Inventories Ohno in his book à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Toyota Production System, Beyond Large Scale Productionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (1988), qualify the inventory as the root of all evil because covers other kinds if wastes and inefficiencies and encourages to wasteful practices. Inventories represent items waiting for something to happen, where there are many associated and hidden costs (storage space, handling, management, insurance, lost of opportunity, and so forth). John Nicholas (1988) identifies that many companies even when they recognize the high cost of the inventory they justify them for dealing with issues such: To cover fluctuations in future demand, where more accurately forecasted are necessary. To cover the delay in lead times caused by breakdowns or delivery delays, where a Preventive maintenance plan would be necessary as well a close relationship with the suppliers. To cover long setup times, where an improvement in standardization as well as a study of the setup times made the big batch unnecessary. We can use the analogy of a ship on water (figure 2.1) to clarify the idea of hidden costs and problems incurred with high level of inventory. As inventory is reducing, problems are exposed, which can be resolved. After that, the inventory is lowered again, in order to get more problem appear and management has to resolve them in order for the system to work. Figure 3à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ2 Analogy of water and inventory Worker absenteeism Work load imbalance Downtime Quality Scrap Rework Out of spec. materials Set-up Times Process variation Inventory level is hidden all problems By reducing the inventory, production problems arise WIP The research is agreed with Ohno (1988) when he argued that people tend to build some inventory as a respond of their farming roots. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Our ancestors grew rice for subsistence and stored it in preparation for times of natural disastersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Ohno, 1988) this type of accumulation is no longer practical from the moment that we can find everything that we need from the corner shop. Nevertheless, break this habit in the day to day factory habits is difficult, is requires a change of attitude. But we need to keep in mind that reduction of inventory is not an end itself; it is a mechanism for revealing problems and wasteful practices in the production system. Moving People in work often confuse being in motion with working. A worker in constant motion all day may actually be doing little work; we should consider which portion of the motion is actually added value to the product. This waste is related to ergonomics and the objective is to obtain that the 100% of the motion is work; added value. Hence pursues the elimination of wasteful motion, but not by increasing work. Motions as bending, stretching, walking, lifting, reaching, picking up, transporting, loading, and so forth take workers time and increase the cost, but not add value. (J. Nicholas, 1988) Making defective parts and products. The simplest form of waste is products that do not meet the specification. Manufacturing products right at first time requires no money. Defects in any product are a major source of waste, hold up production and increase production lead times avoidable if products were done right the first time. Quality defects result in rework or scrap and involve a remarkable cost to organizations, along with the associated costs such: re-inspecting, rescheduling quarantining inventory, and capacity loss.   The key point is attain Quality at the source or Quality Assurance where the parts are made right the first time, transforming the old idea of Quality Assurance; where the parts are inspected at the end of the line. In order to achieve this we can use tools such: Poka Yoke, Kaizen, and so forth. (Y. Monden, 1993) Underutilization of Employees In the book à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Lean Thinkingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? by James P Womack and Daniel T. Jones (1996), was added another wasted, added to the seven defined by Ohno (1988); which was denominated by them as Underutilization of employees. The companies hire employees for the physical skills, and sometimes the managers forgot to take an advantage of the brainpower that they hired with those skills. Some common causes of inability to see this waste may result in mudas such high employee turnover, inadequate hiring practices, and so forth. Not Used the employees as an experts of the process in which they are working is a waste of creativity and the improvement ideas that they can generate, this waste deserved the same important than the previous seven described above. Tools and Techniques There are many definitions that refer to lean; as Toyota Production System, Just in Time, Jidoka, flexible workforce, Kanban, TQM and so forth; partly because for many years had been confusion and many practitioners; mix up the purpose with the means. Lean production may be viewed as a bunch of all this practices/tools, and all à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“underneath subsystemsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? give the necessary support to the main system. The main systems Ohno (1988) described as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“two pillarsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? are: Just inTime Autonomation with human touch, or Jidoka The tools/techniques of lean, as supporting à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“subsystemsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? can be said as; Kanban Poka-yoke Visual Control, Andon Value Stream Mapping Standard Operations One Piece Flow 5S Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) Levelling Production Benchmarking SMED Multifunctional Workers Kaizen Some of the most relevant for the research purpose are explained below. The two pillars of Lean: Just in Time In 1950 Toyota was near to bankrupting, as a consequence they couldnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t afford major investment in new machineries or substantial inventories. In 1956 Ohno travel to America, where he got the perspective of Just-In-Time in the American supermarket. He was interested in way the supermarket were working; by providing to customer what they need, when they need and in the quantity they need. Ohno transfer this idea down to the process, and he developed a system that is working like a coordinate chain of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“small supermarketà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, where all processes are transformer in customer for the previous step and supplier for the next step and every step is only produced the quantity needed for the next step, with perfect quality and no waste. The system was denominated as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“pull systemà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. TMMK (7may2010) JIT was developed in the framework of TPS and evolved due to the need of the Japanese industry to survive in the post-war global market. Soon, the value of the system was proven into the manufacturing industry and a large number of companies worldwide hastened to implement this model to their own production systems (Monden, 1993). Ohno developed a number of methodologies to support the Just in Time system; one of the best known is the Kanban system, detailed below. Pull system and Kanban The traditional mass production system is the one denominate as push production system, where every station start to assembly a part when the raw material arrive to the work station. The way to manage production system is usually based in forecasting. The parts usually are processes in batches according to a schedule for each process (fig 2.2). The materials must usually wait until the workstation complete the previous work and is performing the changeover necessary. Changes in schedules, breakdown in machinery and other incidents, make a planning inaccurate. (J Nicholas, 1988). When a problem occurs at one stage, the problem will not be notice in the rest of the system, because an inventory between the workstation are insulated the problems in each workstation, and dependency between workstation was low. Figure 4à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ3 Push System Retention points Process 1 Retention points Process 2 Inspection Retention points inspection Information and material flow High variability in lead times, long lead times, large Work in Progress inventory, and a numerous quality issues are arisen in this system. Besides with the problems associated with maintaining valid scheduled, made by the forecasting office, which is far a way from the shop floor and all the problems that arise in the manufacturing process. By contrast the pull production is sometimes called stockless, because is minimized the work in progress, pursuit the one piece flow. It seeks to have every stage in a process produce and deliver materials downstream in the exact quantities and the exact times requested. (J Nicholas, 1988). Figure 4à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ4 Pull System Process 2 Inspection Material Flow Process 1 Inspection Max Min Delivery point Max Min Max Min Information Flow Refer to the figure 2.3, when a customer order arrives to the delivery point, this work station sends a production order to the downstream process, in order to refill the product had been delivered. The work station 2 in the moment is used more than two parts, and let the buffer with the minimum quantity, then sends a production order to the work station 1. Just in time pursues the zero inventories; the system that is describing here is used a buffer, in that way any process shouldnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t wait to have the necessary material to start producing an order. Refer to the figure 2.3 each work station begins de production as soon as the order upstream is received. (J Nicholas, 1988). In contrast with the Push production system, any problem in any work station is affected the whole system, so that all stage are working together in order to resolve the problem, increasing the chances of solving the root problem. Kanban is a subsystem to support of the JIT system and was developed by Toyota in the early stages of TPS. Kanban is a Japanese word for card, but not necessarily need to be a card, sometimes can be a signboard, container, empty space, and so forth. The broadly idea is to use the Kanban, whatever the form is takes, as a signal to produce a specific number of parts request for the next process. (N. Slack et al, 2004). The system is not used a complicated and expensive computer schedules. The theoretical operation of Kanban is no one product is manufacture until is demanded for the final customer. Therefore the signal Kanban is used as a trigger for a production. There are different types of Kanban; Conveyance Kanban, also know as a move Kanban, whose purpose is to move the goods along different production stages. The Production Kanban, work as a signal to a production process that can start producing a part to be place in the inventory. (N. Slack et al, 2004) There are two procedures of using Kanban system; dual-card (used both production and conveyance) this is the original Toyota method, and the single-card, explained below (used only the production, but acting as both move and produce authorization), is more often used the last one, for the simplicity of use. (N. Slack et al, 2004) Figure 4à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ5 Kanban system. Process 2 Inspection Material Flow Process 1 Inspection Delivery point Max Min Kanban Max Min Kanban Max Min Kanban Information Flow Order to the supplier To explain the concept we can use the example in figure 2.4, where each process made two piece batches. When the delivery point sent two finished parts, the operator takes a Kanban card from the container and sends it back down to the previous workstation; process 2,where that part is assembled. When the Kanban card is received, the previous work station start to assemble new batch of 2 parts, and consequently it sends downs to the previous process the Kanban card in order to refill the parts used in the last operation. This chain or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“work ordersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? is repeated until an order is sent to the supplier of raw material. This system keeps to minimum the paperwork, provides a self-manage workstation and one the more important achievements is that the inventory of Work in Progress is kept to a minimum. The parts are assembled only when a need for them and WIP is reducing by dropping the number of cards into the system. The two pillars of Lean: Jidoka Jidoka is a Japanese word meaning automation with a human touch, refers to the automatic control of defects under the supervision of an employee; or as is described by Ohno (1988) Autonomation. Is refers to a process that has incorporated mechanism to detect à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“non conformancesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? and not allowed the process to pass a product if there isnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t a conformance with the requirements.   Sakichi Toyoda began to used Jidoka, also known as Autonomation; he invented the automatic looms that stopped immediately when any thread broke. In that way one operator was able to manage many machines with no risk of producing outside specifications. This pillar of TPS is a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Proactive Systematic Approachà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. That is means à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“instant detection of non conformances at the root source, pursuing the preventionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? is chosen over à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“correction for problems after its occurrenceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. Through this principle we ensure that hundred per cent of the products are free defects, and when a defect is found this is fixed directly, otherwise the worker had the authority to stop the line, in order to resolve it.(J. Nicholas,1998).No OK parts are very important in JIT, when a one short part can cause the stoppage of the whole factory, just to remember one of the quotation for define JIT à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The exact product in the exact moment that is requiredà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Ohno, 1988) This authority to stop the line meets resistance in western managers, because they are afraid that this can cause a delay in the lead time. But that is only the negative side, by another hand should be viewed as improvements in the process, the root of many quality issues are discovered and as a result they are resolved. Thought Jidoka principles the employees are more aware of quality issues and the related problems, and the number of defects and rework drop at the end of the line. (Nicholas, 1988). Andon Andon is an important part of Autonomation. It is not enough to give workers responsibility for line stop; there must be as well a mechanism to inform everyone in the process the nature of the problem. Andon is an electronic device: audio and/or colour-coded visual display, which is used to communicate with other work stations as well as the supervisor about the state of process in each work station; it is very useful mean where the noise or physical barriers make verbal communication difficult. For example, suppose an Andon unit has three colour zones: Greenà ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   work normally. Orangeà ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   Working to resolve a problem; work station need assistance. Redà ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚  work station is stop; severe problem. With these codifications the workcell status must be quickly communicated to all areas of the plant. (J. Nicholas, 1988). In a synchronized pull process, a red light at one workstation is a signal for every operation to stop.   The Andon communication system promotes teamwork. Poka Yoke Poka-Yokes or mistake proofing is based in the idea that human mistakes are to some degree inevitable. What is important is to prevent those becoming defects. Poka yokes are simple, desirable inexpensive devices or systems which are incorporated into a process to prevent inadvertent operator mistakes resulting in defect. (N. Slack et al, 2004) The operator is alerted that a mistake is going to be made, or a mechanic prevents the occurrence of that mistake. The essential point of these types of devices is that hundred per cent of the parts are inspected without the required a operator concentration. Poka Yoke is an effective and not expensive way of reducing manufacturing defect and as a result the quality costs, however we should considered why it was possible to made wrong in the first place. The objective is not only prevent from occurring is also eliminate the root cause of the problem, and this is attained in the design stage, the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“learning lessonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? from Poka yoke should included, as requiring in the next design There are two regulatory functions performed by Poka-yoke systems; Control Methodsà ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   These are methods that, when abnormalities occur, shut down machines or process, in this manner we preventing that NOK parts past to the next work station. Shut down is not the only way to use this function, the machine can identify NOK part in a manner the operator can segregate, or may be the machine can segregates the NOK parts. (S. Shingo, 1986) Warning methodsà ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   These methods call abnormalities to workers attention by activating a sound or light. This approach provides a less protection of non-conformances since the moment the employee can not notice the signal or ignores. (S. Shingo, 1986) Poka-yoke system consists of three primary methods defined by Shigeo Shingo (1986). Each method uses a different approach for dealing with non-conformances and trying to prevent them, both can be used as a control or as warning. Contact Methodà ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   Methods to detect abnormalities in products by contact either physical or presence (photoelectric switches). Passives devices are sometimes the best method; this can be settling by an irregular shape or by the design of the assembly tools. Counting methodà ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   Abnormalities are detected by checking the specific number of operations / motions. For example when a part require a fixed number of screws, a sensor can count the number of screws used and not allow to do the next operation until this number is reach. Motion sequence methodà ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   This method uses a sensor to determine if the sequence has follow otherwise doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t allow doing the next step in the sequence.

Ethics, Negligence, and Environmental Issues in Business

Ethics in Business 1. Discuss the ethical, negligence, and environmental issues you see in this case. BP’s negligence resulted in severe repercussions for the company, employees, and the environment. After being advised on multiple occasions of the issues concerning maintenance of pipelines, BP’s behavior in the issue of the Prudhoe Bay pipeline can be seen as unethical because it did not meet its social responsibilities/obligations to the community or its employees. Ignoring these obligations resulted in the busting of a BP pipeline that put the health and safety of its employees at risk and endangered lives of persons and wildlife in the immediate community. In addition to this BP also violated the trust of both the local and global†¦show more content†¦There would of course be fines charged for not adhering to the established policies and procedures and testing for erosion, defects, and safety would be performed at regular intervals as determined by the government officials. In addition to this annual reports on safety and maintenance would be submitted revealing any areas for concern and what would be done to meet guidelines and make improvements. The problem to be investigated is how reducing cost in pipeline maintenance and refinery safety impacted the business’ stakeholders. Reducing cost in any business is at times necessary, however as with all decisions there must be a balance maintained as this could have implications to both internal and external stakeholders. In this case, BP developed a business culture known for intense efforts to reduce cost that had impact on both environmental safety and employee safety. This paper will give a brief overview of the decisions made by BP that resulted in events that affected various stakeholders as well as the company itself. BP had experienced several setbacks from January 2005 through 2006. 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Immigration Is A Foreign Policy Hot Topic - 1296 Words

Immigration according to definitions online is â€Å"the movement of people into a destination country to which they are not native or do not possess its citizenship in order to settle or reside there, especially as permanent residents or naturalized citizens, or to take-up employment as a migrant worker or temporarily as a foreign worker.† However, in order to understand why immigration has become a foreign policy hot topic, we must understand the history of immigration. Since the initial settlers arrived in North America, immigration has filled the American experience. Undeniably, many of the principles that unite Americans as a nation are tied to immigration. Historically, immigration has not only outlined our visualization of the United States role around the world, but immigration has also trickled into our interpretation of human nature. One great Philosopher, and the leader of the transcendentalist movement of the Mid-19th century; Ralph Emerson saw it best. 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Child Abuse Proper Management Systems

Question: Discuss about theChild Abusefor Proper Management Systems. Answer: Introduction Thesis: Overcoming issues in child abuse and introducing proper management systems for reporting and handling child abuse is extremely important for decreasing the rate of child abuse in Singapore. Child abuse is a growing concern in the nation of Singapore. Government had been trying to monitor different cases and is trying their best to implement different initiatives that will help such cases to be erased from the grass root level itself. The government had tried to implement different deterrent methods to make the population aware of the punishments and the consequences that they may face if they conduct such heinous crime. However decrease in the rate of such crime is not reported and in turn it is yet rising in different part of Singapore (Li et al., 2014). A number of socio economic issues have been identified that have acted as the main reason for the increasing number of child abuse in Singapore. The first number is the lack of education in a number of families where children are forced to work for their parents. Moreover the lack of education in the families gives them no idea about the way how a child should be treated. They often provide harsh punishments for their kid to learn something which in turn has negative consequences (Deblinger et al. 2015). Often many cultures also support physical abuse in terms of making their child good for future. Through various case studies that had been reported, it is seen that mental distortion and harshness of the parents were the main contributor to the ill health of the disease. Frustration form the poor economic background and also lack of proper knowledge to treat toddlers are the main reasons (Abuse Matter, 2013). Sexual abuse of the children is also reported in high end cases and the in vestigators are still trying to reach the root of mental parity of the perpetrators in such cases. Government has implemented a law called the Children and Young Persons Act which was amended in the year 2011 that had instructed the homes of every child to be licensed, enhancing the protection and also welfare of children in residential care, initiatives of reviews for such children to be conducted and also to be visited by officials to monitor them. However all such initiatives failed miserably as the reporting if each of the cases has been too few because neighbors often hesitate to report them or are forbidden to do that and even threatened. Moreover reports suggest that the professionals who visit the places of children are not totally trained and expert enough to identify the children undergoing abuse (Ngiam Tung, 2016). Many teachers who are involved in counseling sessions of the school have also reported that the children are threatened by their perpetrators to keep silent to outsiders or they would be beaten more. This entire issues sum up to lesser reporting of cases or even if reported the cases are not properly handled even if government and home ministry are trying their best. In order to reduce the number of occurrences, a clear policy on child abuse have to be published by the government that will help each and every people to understand their duties towards an abused child. This policy will help the individuals to take steps sequentially when they find that any known or unknown child is getting abused. The policy should introduce help line number which will be active always so that the witnesses can help the child from the abuse. This helpline number should allow the government officials to reach the site quickly to help the child and catch the perpetrators red handed. The professional investigators who would be working for the organizations in both the private and the governmental sectors should be polished enough so that they can recognize the victim even if their perpetrators try to portray the situations otherwise (Ngiam et al., 2017). The investigations should be conducted at a frequent basis and without prior notice s that the instances of finding more child abuse case would become common. Moreover reporting of such cases should be made simpler without any hassles so that the witnesses do not hesitate to report them moreover the government should also take initiatives of programs where they would conduct workshops and play sessions to communicate with children and make them express their feelings. The policies should be instructed to be quick in their activities so that they can save the children at the right time before disaster takes place (Morris, Rivaux Faulkner, 2017). Properly planed systems should be introduced based on evidences which will be headed by experts who will publish new rules and norms after investigating the nature of the crimes that happen to each child. A nation who protects the children from crimes on them can be sure of a generation which will see success in education, science and culture. Reference: ABUSE, W. I. C., MATTER, W. D. I. (2013). Management of child abuse.Singapore Med J,54(10), 533-537. Deblinger, E., Mannarino, A. P., Cohen, J. A., Runyon, M. K., Heflin, A. H. (2015).Child sexual abuse: A primer for treating children, adolescents, and their nonoffending parents. Oxford University Press. Li, D., Chu, C. M., Ng, W. C., Leong, W. (2014). Predictors of re-entry into the child protection system in Singapore: A cumulative ecologicaltransactional risk model.Child abuse neglect,38(11), 1801-1812. Morris, M., Rivaux, S., Faulkner, M. (2017). Provider ambivalence about using forensic medical evaluation to respond to child abuse: A content and discourse analysis.Child Abuse Neglect,65, 140-151. Ngiam, X. Y., Tung, S. S. (2016). The acceptability of caning children in Singapore: the fine line between discipline and physical maltreatment.Journal of Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics,37(2), 158-163. Ngiam, X. Y., Kang, Y. Q., Aishworiya, R., Kiing, J., Law, E. C. N. (2015). Child maltreatment syndrome: demographics and developmental issues of inpatient cases.Singapore medical journal,56(11), 612.